Claude McKays Prominent Position in the Harlem...

Claude McKay real name is Festus Claudius McKay was an important person in the Harlem Renaissance, a prominent literary movement of the 1920s. His poems are traditional in technique and on the sentimental side in subject and tone.1 McKay was born in Sunny Ville, Jamaica, in 1889. McKay was the son of a peasant farmer. He took pride and knew a lot about his African heritage. He was interested in English poetry dealing with literary. McKay’s brother, Uriah Theophilus and an Englishmen Walter Jekyll helped McKay study British masters. McKay studied the British masters including John Milton, Alexander Pope and the later Romantics and European philosophers such as well-known pessimist Arthur Schopenhauer, Jekyll had to translate from†¦show more content†¦He wrote: â€Å"These first two volumes are already marked by a sharpness of vision, an inborn realism, and a freshness which provides a pleasing contrast with the conventionality which, at this time, prevails among the b lack poets of the United States. For Songs of Jamaica McKay received an award and paid from the Jamaican Institute of Arts and Sciences. He used the money to finance a trip to America, and in 1912 he arrived in South Carolina. He then traveled to Alabama and enrolled at the Tuskegee Institute, where he studied for two months before transferring to Kansas State College. In 1914 he left school entirely for New York City and worked various menial jobs. As in Kingston, McKay encountered racism in New York City, and that racism forced him to continue writing poetry. In 1917, under the pseudonym Eli Edwards, McKay published two poems in a journal called the Seven Arts. His poetry was discovered by critic Frank Hattis, who then included some of McKays other poems in Pearsons Magazine. McKays most famous poems from this period was To the White Fiend.† A few years later McKay befriended Max Eastman, editor of the magazine Liberator. McKay published more poems in Eastmans magazine, espe cially the If We Must Die, which defended black rights and threatened revenge for prejudice andShow MoreRelatedHistory5499 Words   |  22 PagesHARLEM RENAISSANCE by William R. Nash ^ The term ‘‘Harlem Renaissance’’ refers to the efï ¬â€šorescence of African-American cultural production that occurred in New York City in the 1920s and early 1930s. One sometimes sees Harlem Renaissance used interchangeably with ‘‘New Negro Renaissance,’’ a term that includes all African Americans, regardless of their location, who participated in this cultural revolution. Followers of the New Negro dicta, which emphasized blacks’ inclusion in and empowerment

Essay on The Protocols of the Elders of Zion - 1132 Words

The Jews Did It! Introduction: Jew Wrote the Protocols The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a most controversial document. This mysterious work is not controversial in the matter of does it exist, but why does it exist? Was this document a legitimate attempt by the Zionists to define their plan for world domination? Or perhaps the author was just someone with a strong dislike towards the Jewish people, and was looking for a specific reason to destroy an entire race. This is a decision based from opinion alone. But that is what a conspiracy is, a fact stranger than fiction with more than one path to the answer that is a plausible solution. History and Origin of Protocols The Protocols of the Elders of Zion are a group of†¦show more content†¦The similarities of these two works led many to believe the Germans wrote the Jewish Peril. Hitler refers to the Protocols in his autobiography Mein Kampf â€Å"the important thing is that with positively terrifying certainty they reveal the nature and activity of the Jewish people and expose their inner contexts as well as their ultimate final aims† (The Protocols of, ). Did the Jews Write the Protocols? The Jewish people would have written the Protocols of Zion in order to document their plan of attack. To the Jews the rest of the world is considered â€Å"scum†. They have their own plans of how the world should be run and their goal to accomplish world domination. The protocols were never supposed to be discovered. In fact, they were stolen by an imposter during a secret meeting of Zionists. Now that the protocols are out in the public the Jews deny that any such â€Å"secret society† existed, thus leading to the creation of the fore mentioned conspiracy. Real Life Experiences Patrick H. Bellringer survived the KZB. The Khazarian Zionist Bolsheviks (KZB) are not a race of people but a political group after the Russian Revolution the Jews came into power, but the Zionist Jews are not like ordinary Jews they are the Jews that control the government and worship Satan. Mr. Bellringer believes that Judaism is a cult of Satanism, and for fifty nine years he lived amongst the Jews, as what he callsShow MoreRelatedAnti Semitism Is The Hatred And Persecution Of The Jews946 Words   |  4 PagesA major example of these components is the publication of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. It was an entirely fictional piece of work, but people believed the book which created fear in everyone that was not Jewish. This book, although not true in the slightest, caused people to become fearful of Jews, which in turn increased anti-Semitism in Europe. In order to fully understand the impact of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, one must first understand the origin of anti-Semitism. Anti-SemitismRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Telling a Lie Essay examples647 Words   |  3 Pages(Lenin, Vladimir. Where to Begin? Iskra May 1901). However, after success of Socialist movement he refuted this idea (Lenin Collected Works: Volume 23). According to The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, one of the main things is to persuade people using lies to achieve Jews’ goal (The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, protocol no. 2). Thus, lies are very important in local and global issues of societies and countries. Despite of some advantages of telling a lie, there are some disadvantages tooRead MoreThe Nazis And The Superior Race857 Words   |  4 Pagesgreedy, race who were trying to dominate the economy and essentially take over the world. Though anti-semitism had existed for many centuries prior to this, it was enflamed like never before by propaganda and publications such as The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. These racist ideals were codified in the Nuremberg Laws set forth in 1935. This modern anti-semitism was different in both kind and intensity than previously seen in Europe. Interesting enough, are the influences the different leadersRead MoreNazi Propagand The Most Strategic Scheme2822 Words   |  12 Pagesinstill their own laws to maintain their government in order to make their clueless citizens, whom, by this point, could not compare the laws to anyone else’s, abide by their omnipotent ruler. Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime used the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a falsified and controversial book, to justify their hatred towards the Jews. This was a book devoted to depicting Jews as the vilest beings in the world. The authors plagiarized many people’s work such as Montesquieu and altered theirRead MoreTaking a Look at Conspiracy Theories1319 Words   |  5 Pagesfalse. This same conspiracy theory was not finished though, as the Jews once again faced hatred because of a lie. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a text that details a secret meeting between Jewish elders in a cemetery to discuss a conspiracy to take over the entire world, and despite them being a obvious forgery (Hughes, 2012). Despite being a known forgery, the Protocol document was used by the Nazis and Hitler to aid in increasing the anti-semetic sentiment in Germany and Europe. EvenRead MoreEssay about Jewish History726 Words   |  3 Pagesthemselves, several hundred Jews were beaten to death in cities like Mnsk, Odessa and Bialystok. In 1905 the Tzar’s secret police published perhaps the most notorious example of pre-Nazi anti-semitic propaganda. The ‘Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion’ put forward the notion that an organiation of elite Jews were planning to take over the world. It was a hoax but this did not stop it from being circulated throughout Europe and America and it helped fuel Nazism in theRead MoreThe Moral Code Of The Middle East928 Words   |  4 Pagesconvinced by Hitler and like-minded propaganda, believed that all of the countries responsible for The Treaty of Versailles were evil and worse than themselves and associated actions. Likewise they believed in a document called, â€Å"The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.† This document made outlandish accusations against Jews, which further fueled the rampant already present antisemitism. There were situations in which the Nazi troops were given the choice to kill or not to. The first notable time thatRead MoreHow Anti Semitism Is Put Forward As The Nazi Regime Gains Power1814 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Jews in Europe had been instilled in their mindset going into the interwar period (â€Å"Racism, Anti- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Semitism, Colonialism†). For example, in Protocols of the Elders of Zion, written in 1902, someone who had anti-Semitic views forges a document and writes from the point of view of a Jew about all the terrible ideas the Jews believe (363-367). Protocols was used as anti-Semitic propaganda, such describing Jews as being bent on world domination and having the ability to control the masses throughRead MoreAn Opinion On Western Strategy Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesrights violations, executions, and abuse of civil liberties. Their private Libyan fascist militia Hezbollah has a nifty flag featuring a not at all subtle mushroom cloud, as if promotion of the Rosetta Stone of anti-Semitism aka the Protocols of the Elders of Zion weren t despicable enough. The Islamic Republic has been successful at keeping their overwhelmingly young population of regime haters from executing a coup, but their Alawite subsidiary in Syria, the Ba athist mass murderer Bashar AlRead MoreAnti Semitism During World War I1024 Words à ‚  |  5 Pagescrash. (â€Å"Antisemitism†) The growth of Anti Semitism was the main factor that contributed to Nazi beliefs. Anti semitism is racial prejudice against Jews. It started to grow in 1881. The largest growth was in 1903, after the book The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. This caused the formation of many anti semitic gangs, which then proceeded to kill Jews. Antisemitism was soon a popular political party and gained the support of Adolf Hitler. When Adolf Hitler was imprisoned, he wrote his book Mein

Accounting Statement Analysis Ratios and FinanciaL indicatorS

Question: Part A: The Income Statement What are the major sources of income for the organization? What is the breakdown of each source of revenue as a percentage of total income? What are the costs? Part B: The Balance Sheet How much does the company have in cash and short-term investments? Look at the cash against current liabilities? What are the current liabilities? Does the company have enough cash to pay off its short-term debt (current liabilities)? What is the companys working capital? (Hint: you have to calculate this.) What is the companys current ratio? What does this mean? What is the companys debt-to-equity ratio? What does this mean? Answer: Major sources of income in Apple Inc The net amount of sales are mainly generated from the sales of software, hardware, applications, digital content, accessories, support contacts and services. Whenever there is persuasive evidence related to the arrangement of fund it is found that the company recognizes the revenue after the consideration of delivery of product or services on fixed rate that belongs to a probable collection. The product is said to be delivered when it is shipped with the risk of loss, title and reward of ownership, which has been relocated. Online sale to individual or sale to educational customers from US, the company accepts revenue only after the product is received by customer. In addition to this, when the terms of payment is decided by the standards of company it indicates that it is at higher level than the revenue gained by itself. To justify the fixed price of its manufactured product company keep their payment due until they have some proper evidence related to the transactions. Without con cession, it was considered as the successful collection based on the equivalent arrangements. Breakdown of revenues The customers of the company are distributed among the consumers, education enterprise mid- size or large business and government markets. The company utilizes a policy to sell their products directly to the third- party products among its major target markets. This sales are directly related to the small or mid size business and consumers though the online and retail stores. There are several indirect distribution channels employed by the company, such as: wholesalers, third- party sellers, third- party cellular network carriers, retailers and resellers who provides value to service. Around 2015, there was 26% and 74% of direct sales experienced by the company through direct and indirect channels. Net sales comparably increased by 28% in between 2014 and 2015. Specifically there was 52% net sale for iPhone on annual basis. In 2014, the net sales rose by 7% in comparison with 2013. This increment was totally based on the sales of Mac, iPhone and services. Specifically, sales of iPhone was based on factors such as the successful introduction of the iPhone 5c and 5s in the middle of 2013, introduction of iPhone 6 Plus and 6 in 2014 and expanded distribution. Cost of shipping The revenue is classified as the amount charged from the customers for shipping their product. The cost of handling and shipping the products are known as the cost of sales. Warranty costs The company as guarantee provides an estimated cost to their customer for the hardware and software at the time of recognition of the related revenues (Weil et al., 2013). In future estimates, the company has the right to adjust the necessary amounts according to experiences. Development cost of software RD costs are expenses considered by the company for development. Development cost is considered according to the selling, leasing and marketing of the software. The technological feasibility is checked before making the product available in the market. Advertising costs Cost involved in selling, operating general aspects and covering the administrative expenses are considered as the administrative costs. As an example 1.8 billion dollar, 1.2 billion dollar, 1.1 billion dollar was the advertising expenses involved in 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. Part B- Balance Sheet Cash and short-term Investments As per the financial reports, Apple cash and cash equivalent for the financial year of 2014 consisted of $13,884 million, whereas in the fiscal year of 2015, its cash and cash equivalents stood $21,120 million. On the other hand, Apple Incs short-term marketable investments represented a balance of $11,233 million for the financial year of 2014, whereas during the fiscal year of 2015, the short-term marketable securities or investments stood at $20,481 million respectively. It should be noted that the entire liquid investments having a maturity period of below three months from the original date of purchase are classified under the cash and cash equivalents. Apple Incs marketable investments have been categorised for sale. The management of Apple Inc takes into the considerations the appropriate categorisations of its investments during the time of its procurement and considerably re-evaluates the classifications at date when balance sheet is framed. The short-term investments of Apple Inc are usually classified based on the maturity of 12 months or less depending upon the nature of each of investments and its availability for use under existing operations. The companys cash and marketable investments are carried at fair value and gains are recorded in the balance sheet in the form of accumulated comprehensive income. Current Liabilities The current liabilities of Apple Inc comprises of accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue, commercial paper and current portion of long-term debt. These items combines a total current liabilities for the accounting year of 2014 $63,448 million where as in the financial year of 2015 Apple Inc sum total of current liabilities comprised of $80,610 million. Out of this, accounts payable alone stood $35,490 million for 2015 while in the preceding year it stood at $30,196 million. The commercial paper and deferred revenue stood $8,491 and $8,999 million respectively for the year 2015. During the year 2014, the board of directors of Apple Inc authorized the company to issue short-term promissory notes with regard to its commercial paper programme. The company usually intends to utilize the net proceeds from the commercial paper for common corporate reason to pay of dividends and share re-purchase. However, it must be noted that the organisation has sufficient amount of cash and other liquid assets to pay of short term debts. As per the financial reports, obtained Apple Inc currently has current assets of $89,378 million including cash balance of $21,120 million, which is sufficient to pay off its current liabilities. Working Capital Computation of Apple Inc Working capital Particulars Amount ($) millions Amount ($) millions Current Assets Cash and cash equivalents 21,120 Inventories 2,349 Accounts receivable 16,849 Vendor non traded receivables 13,494 53,812 Current Liabilities Accounts payable 35,490 Current Portion of long term debt 2,500 Commercial paper 8,499 46,489 Working Capital 1,00,301 Current ratio: Current ratios are also known as liquid ratios which measures the capability of Apple Inc in order to meets its short term obligations out of its current assets and reflects the short term financial strength or solvency of the company. Current ratios can be defined as the excess of current assets over current liabilities. The adequate amount of surplus is interpreted, as reliable indicators of the fact the company are solvent. The main objective of this ratio is to further shed light on the short-term solvency of Apple Inc and more precisely speaking, its ability to pay off its debts as and when they fall due by computing the relations between the current assets and current liabilities. A widely regarded rule of accounting ratios is that a current ratio of 2:1 is considered as an ideal situation (Thanos Papadakis, 2012). Although this is often considered as one of the useful guidelines however, such generalizations are not considered as truth. The standard ratio will vary from industry to industry and from season to season, depending upon the rate at which the current assets are converted into cash and how quickly current liabilities are paid off. Currently the currently ratio of Apple Inc for the year 2015 signifies 1.10. This represents that Apple Inc can pay off its short term obligations and meet the needs of its creditors. Current ratio of Apple Inc Apple 2014 2015 Current Ratio 1.077276 1.108771 Figure 1: (Current ratio of Apple Inc) (Source As created by Author) Debt equity ratio: Debt equity ratio is concerned with creating the relationship between the external and internal long-term financing. The use of long-term debt under the financial structure has both advantage and disadvantage as well. The main advantage associated with the debt is that it provides an opportunity for greater returns to the shareholders without the need to provide greater amount of capital (Coates et al., 2012). Apple Inc can borrow fund at a predetermined rate of interest but use those funds in business to get high amount of return, the entire amount of extra benefit yielded accrues to the equity shareholders. The higher is the amount of fund borrowed the greater will be the amount of returns that will be generated to the shareholders. Debt also has few disadvantages as well. If the return on assets falls down considerably or interest on debt increases, return on shareholders fund will be subjected to greater fluctuations. It is because the amount of interest is ought to be paid irrespective of the amount of profit. High debt is associated with high greater potentiality to risk of loss on shareholders equity. It should be noted that the relationship between debt and equity is frequently referred as gearing leverage. An organisation with low leverage has small proportion of debt. Whereas, an organisation with high leverage represent high proportion of debt. Apple 2014 2015 Debt equity ratio 1.243384 1.950066 Figure 2: (Debt-equity ratio of Apple Inc) (Source As created by Author) The debt equity ratio for Apple Inc for the year ended 2015 represents 1.95 and this represents that the company operates at a medium risk level in order to assess its efficiency for long-term financing. Reference List: Coates, C. R., Jones, A., Coates, M. W. (2012). Accounting ratios and financial performance indicators.Veterinary practice management, 117-121. Deegan, C. (2012).Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Thanos, I. C., Papadakis, V. (2012). Assessing the use of accounting ratios in gauging MA performance. Weil, R. L., Schipper, K., Francis, J. (2013).Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning.

The Lion King Essay Example

The Lion King Essay â€Å"The Lion King† is thought to be one of the most favorite childhood movies of all time. Many people tend to think about â€Å"The Lion King† as an uplifting and inspirational movie with amazing characters and a wonderful story line. However, there are many parts of the movie that include violence and racism. But because the film is an animated movie and is thought to be for children these aspects are not directly noticed when watching it. In the movie there are a variety of symbols that illustrate racism, residence, and power. Beginning with the fact that while watching a children’s movie features such as color of the characters does not seem to have a great deal of meaning. However when analyzing these types of movies the color of each character plays a huge role in what the author was trying to portray. In â€Å"The Lion King† the main example of this is the colors of Simba and Scar. Simba is a golden bright color while Scar is a dark grey and black color. It is also clear that throughout the movie Simba is the protagonist whereas Scar is the antagonist. The bright yellow and golden color of Simba reinforces the fact that he is the hero and the loved character during the movie. Children are often taught from a young age that most dark colors associate with something that is fearful. And when thinking of how dark and dull Scars colors are people automatically think about how bad and evil of a character he is. Scar and the hyenas are both dark colors representing the poverty and disadvantage people in Africa. Additional characteristic of â€Å"The Lion King† is the residency of the different animals. When watching â€Å"The Lion King† many people do not associate the area of which the different type of animals live with the area that different type of people live. In Africa the upper class people all live in areas of plentiful resources. In the movie the pride land represents the area with all the resources; it is an area that seems cheerful and full of life while the elephant graveyard is the exact opposite. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lion King specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lion King specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lion King specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During the movie the lions and other dominant animals such as elephants and giraffes are the ones who get to live in the pride land symbolizing these animals as the upper class. While the scavenger animals such as the hyenas or lower class have to live in the elephant graveyard which represents the outskirts of the African pride lands. The elephant graveyard represents the poor and poverty filled areas of Africa. Finally, in â€Å"The Lion King† there are examples of power and hierarchy. At beginning of the movie there is scene of all the animals bowing to the new king. This scene shows that the animals know who their king is and that baby Simba is next in line for the thrown. This example reflects aspects of today’s society because it follows the type of power system many cultures have. Mufasa, Simba’s father, says â€Å"everything the light touches is our kingdom,† this statement shows that the animals also have an understanding of where their ruling territory ends just as kings, presidents and rulers do today. In conclusion, the movie â€Å"The Lion King† may seem as though it is a simple animated movie with no characteristics resembling the real world. However racism, residency and power are just a few noticeable aspects when analyzing this movie. These different examples portray diverse meanings depending on who the audience is. For young children the most important thing during the movie is how cute and loveable the characters are but for an adult these hidden meanings and messages are important.

Angola Essays - Capital Punishment In Louisiana, Free Essays

Angola Essays - Capital Punishment In Louisiana, Free Essays Angola I feel that Angola prison system is a very effective correction system. The video demonstrated how the system has different setups to keep the prisoners working to keep them out of trouble. Although Angola is a rough maximum-security system, it seems to have great control over the inmates. The atmosphere of Angola is rough, but has great control over the inmates, which keeps it safe in its own unusual way. By keeping all the inmates working with different jobs, they have less violence. By giving the inmates jobs, they hold a certain responsibility so they stay out of trouble to keep these jobs. This is proven in one way because the prisoners are out in fields with sharp objects, which could lead to violence and even escape. Since the prisons hold the responsibilities they do there job and stay out of trouble. I do not think they could escape because the surroundings are rough so they could not get out. Inside the prison IM sure it is the same as other prisons with gangs and violence, but the difference is the working there. Another thing that helps Angola is the prison rodeos they hold. This is why prisoners one time out of the year hold a rodeo. They are suited up and ride the bulls and wild horses for fun and for a show for the public. Only the inmates with good records are allowed to do this, so to keep this privilege the prisoners keep good conduct. This is another responsibility left on the prisoners just like the jobs. These are a few reasons I feel Angola atmosphere is great for a maximum security prisons. If more prisons would use this setup of jobs and privileges, they could lower their violence. If I had the chance to change something in Angola, I do not think I would change anything. It seems to be setup and ran well the way it is. Although there is still some violence, drugs, and rape inside the walls, that cannot be changed because that is just part of a prison system. The so-called Responsibility system at Angola is ran well and I do not thing it needs to be changes. These are some reasons I feel Angolas prison system is effective and do not need to be changed. The atmosphere of Angola although it is very tough it is very calm for a maximum-security prison and more prisons should use the set up for a background to base theirs off of.

The Icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church †Research Paper

The Icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church – Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The Icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church Research Paper Objectively speaking, an icon is a two-dimensional work of art found in the Eastern Orthodox religion, often portraying religious figures such as Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and various saints. Obviously, icons (sometimes spelled ikons) are revered in this tradition, but their precise significance is often hard to understand. The very concept of religious images is, in fact, a broad area of concern, one that did not begin even with Christianity (Gerhard 8). However, the case within this specific tradition is a very unique one. In Eastern Orthodoxy, icons are religious works of art, which, although possessing a long history and complexity of manufacture, are centrally concerned with portraying a symbolic message and serving as a tool of worship rather than exhibiting any aesthetic value. The origin of religious concern for representative images does not lie with the Eastern Orthodox faith, nor did it begin with Christianity at all. The Mosaic law of Judaism contained a tenet which read, â€Å"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth† (Exodus 20:4). Although the English translation appears quite clear, in ancient Judaism, this commandment was a constant subject of argumentation, as many interpreted the word â€Å"image† as closer to â€Å"idol† than any literal image (9). The developing Christian world, however, was nurtured in a land influenced by more than Jewish tradition. The Greek attitude toward images and even image worship was quite favorable. Paintings and statues of their mythical gods and heroes covered classical Greece, while even Rome adopted the Greek imagery into the culture of its own people (12). In addition, the Syrian civilization introduced to the Mediterranean world its own artistic style of frontal poses and large facial features (Cavarnos 14). Israel, the birthplace and location of the ministry of Jesus, was the cradle of Christianity and was centrally Jewish, which usually rejected images unconditionally. However, Christianity was quickly becoming an expanding church, and its increasing acceptance forced Christians throughout the Old World to evaluate their stand on representative images (Gerhard 14). Among the Orthodox tradition, there exists a legend of the first icon, which began with Christ. John Stuart explains: Tradition has it that Abgar, King of Edessa, who was afflicted with leprosy, heard tell that Christ could restore him to health. He accordingly sent one Ananias as an ambassador to Palestine with instructions to find Our Lord and return with him to Edessa. When Ananias finally caught up with him, Christ was addressing a great throng of people. Being unable to approach nearer, Ananias began to sketch the face of Christ, although needless to say, with very little success. But Christ was aware of what Ananias was doing. When he had dismissed the crowds, he took a piece of linen; soaking it in water, he pressed it firmly to his face and then handed it to Ananias. When the latter had taken the towel into his hands, he saw that Christ’s features were clearly imprinted upon it. Christ declined to go to Edessa but promised to send a disciple after his death. And Edessa was to become, in fact, the first Christian state. Meanwhile, Ananias was instructed to take the towel to King Abgar, as a substitute for Christ’s presence. (31) Eventually, with the increasing influx of complete Mediterranean culture in the Christian world, images gained greater acceptance. In the Byzantine area (the region around Constantinople named for the old name of the city, Byzantium), the Christian imagery was mostly affected by the Hellenistic (Greek and Roman) and Syrian culture (Cavarnos 14). The central Hellenistic influence in Christian iconography was the art of mosaics. Early Christians used this technique to decorate the walls, floors, domes, etc of their churches. Syrian art effectively gave rise to the use of frescoes in Christian churches. The third type of icon- the panel icon- is the most widely used in Russia and most other regions of the Orthodox faith. It consists of a picture painted on a chalk-covered wooden panel treated with an egg solution, or tempera (17). The actual process of creating a panel icon is very complex. First, the icon-maker must go search for the correct type of wood. Cypress was used in Greece; birch and oak were often sought after in Russia, as well as was a good, sturdy pine from Siberia (Gerhard 208). After carving the panel into the correct size and shape with an axe or two-handed plane, it is stored away to remove its moisture. This process normally takes five or six years. After this period, gesso, or chalk, is ground onto its surface to prepare the panel for the next step. This step involves the draughtsman, who sketches the basic outline of the picture in charcoal. When this is completed, he removes the charcoal and paints the outline in a black-colored paint. After the fundamental outline of the image is complete, the surface is gilded with an egg-paste mixture to prepare it for the actual pigmented paint (Stuart 42). On the icon, the first sections painted are the background (such as buildings and nature) and the clothing of the subjects involved. Normally, gold ornamentation follows, which involves painting on sticky resin followed by the application of light gold sheets, after which the sheets are polished. Next, the icon-painter begins painting the subjects’ faces. These comprise the most precise skill on the part of the painter, who must endow the faces with the very spirit and life force of the subject in the picture. A layer of varnish, normally comprised of linseed or olive oil is applied. Finally, it is transported to a church for a blessing (Gerhard 210). The icon is then complete. The Byzantine art style is fundamentally different from the classic western style of realistic sketches and Renaissance-type paintings. The icon painter, as a member of this Byzantine tradition, approaches art with symbols in mind, rather than a realistic concept of some natural object (Stuart 25). Much like a Chinese calligrapher wanting to depict a tree in a work of writing composes a specific character meaning â€Å"tree,† rather than drawing any actual tree that he may see or conceptualize, the icon painter creates specific symbolic paintings that illustrate the various religious ideas wishing to be expressed. Truly, iconography is more concerned with symbolism than physical appearances. The object of an icon is to capture the spirit and meaning of what the image is trying to portray. Constantine Cavarnos maintains that â€Å"True iconography is intended to take us beyond anatomy and the three-dimensional world of matter to a realm that is immaterial, spaceless, timeless- the realm of the spirit, of eternity. And hence the forms and colors are not those that one customarily observes around him, but have something unworldly about them† (38). Indeed, these metaphors elicit associations and can give an extended message than what is possible in a work concerned with physical beauty and perspective exactness. It is of importance to note that the colors used in an icon are metaphorical rather than actual; icon colors often do not follow the color patterns in nature. Rather than making sure all the colors are in harmony with natural appearance, the icon painter will seek a harmony with the spiritual message in his art. Colors are very important for this harmony; each color symbolizes an aspect of the icon and gives a special meaning. For instance, deep red and royal purple are symbolic of the blood of Christ and are often used for the shoes of royal figures. Blue represents heaven and the ethereal. The greens and browns are usually used in familiar manners, representing the earth and vegetation- a reminder of our existence on this earth. From scarlet red comes vigor and vitality, a color used for the blood of martyrs and the cloak of St. George. Orange-red symbolizes the purification of the spirit. White suggests purity and colors the garments of Christ and his angels (28). To give a specific example of the abstract nature of icon art, the faces of the characters depicted always are turned facing the viewer- the person giving their respects and their prayers. This rule holds true regardless of the character’s perspective position in their environment (Upensky 60). In fact, not only are the heads facing the viewer, the important figures in the image have their entire body turned outward in this manner. The rest, the less important, are normally subject to the laws of three-dimensional perspectives. Additionally, where those significant figures are generally depicted as stationary, the rest are again interacting with their environment and are often moving (65). Superceding the hassle over the concern of the icon complying with the â€Å"hows† of natural laws and perspectives is the concern of why the natural laws work. This question of â€Å"why?† has always been a consideration for Byzantine religious artists. They do not comply with the classic paintings- those that depict photographically accurate settings; again, icons portray the religious nature and symbolism of their scenes (Stuart 36). A naturalistic painting may show Saint Peter as tall and powerful, completely in perspective with his environment, but an icon will depict him in an unrealistic-looking but completely symbolic and explanatory setting. Icons may be placed in any location, such as a home or shop, but the central location where they are situated is, of course, the church. When one enters an Orthodox church, immediately noticeable is the iconostasis- a giant screen, composed of wood or marble, that supports the panel icons. On top of the iconostasis is a large cross with the figure of the crucified Christ. In Eastern Orthodoxy, there is great significance given to the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist, whose icons are placed on the iconostasis to the right and left of Christ (Cavarnos 23). In most church buildings, icons cover most of the interior. As mentioned before, each icon portrays a religious message. When all the icons are displayed, the composite of the images inside the church gives the building an entirely new symbolism. The church is, in effect, a microcosm for the universe, where the iconographic messages reveal the universal plan of eternal salvation (Stuart 38). During church services, the icons are ritually given respect. The deacon of the church wields a censer and directs it toward the icons. This indicates to the congregation that they are to contemplate the icons and understand that the saints painted on the icons are participating in the service in a similar manner as the worshippers themselves (33). Icons in the Eastern Orthodox tradition serve several primary purposes. Most apparent to outsiders is their aesthetic value. They embellish and amplify the beauty of a church. Secondly, they instruct their faithful members in matters of doctrine, many times employing symbols that effectively surpass written doctrine (Cavarnos 30). Icons also remind these members of their faith. Their powerful message serves to remind and awaken the faith of the members of the church. In almost every instance, a saint or holy figure is portrayed on the icon. This serves to set an example for the members of the Eastern Orthodox faith. The righteous individual on the icon gives them a model with which to pattern their lives. This person on the image causes the member to be stirred up in faith and righteous zeal (32). Surpassing all other purposes, the icon is a conduit for prayer and worship (Stuart 29). Each member of the congregation is allowed to light a candle, come to an icon, and make the sign of the cross. They then will reverence the icon with a kiss and say a prayer (Ugolnik 45). The Eastern Orthodox Church makes it very clear, however, that its members are not worshipping the icon, but giving it â€Å"honorable reverence.† Worship is due only to God, and the icon is a medium through which that worship may be expressed (Cavarnos 33). This worship is the ultimate fulfillment of Byzantine iconography. Even with its extensive history and stunning methods of artistry, the sacredness of the icon surpasses all aesthetic and external value. The symbolism of the holy icon is truly the center of Eastern Orthodox worship. It allows its members to transcend their visible physical reality and enter into the ultimate reality, where spiritual truth is juxtaposed with material truth (Stuart 39). It allows one to comprehend the mutual dependence of matter and spirit and truly gives a perspective of far greater significance than the visible temporal universe that one is commonly allowed. Cavarnos, Constantine. Orthodox Iconography. Belmont, Massachusetts: The Institute for Byzantine and Modern Greek Science, 1977. Gerhard, H.P. The World of Icons. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1971. Stuart, John. Ikons. London: Faber and Faber, 1975. Ugolnok, Anthony. The Illuminating Icon. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1989. Upensky, Boris. The Semiotics of the Russian Icon. Lisse: The Peter DeRidder Press, 1976. Research Papers on The Icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church - Research PaperCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelGenetic EngineeringBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and Autumn

Prenancy woman with sickle cell disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prenancy woman with sickle cell disease - Essay Example The impact of this scheme will assist the next generations in designing the best responses to mothers who are victims of sickle-cell anemia (Glassberg, 2011). The Nursing-family partnership provides local communities with the best home-based approaches specially developed to help a mother from low-income families. The program will be implemented through a comprehensive research initiative to identify mothers with this problem. Medical personnel and Nurses will be deployed in the localities. Each county will have an office where registration will be done. This will be done through professional ethics that require non-disclosure. Visitations will commence after victims have been identified. The program will provide core services such the Nurse-family partnership will provide several services to victim mothers at the local level. Furthermore, the program offers assistance on family planning so that mothers have few chances of sickle cell babies. In addition to this, the program will give consultancy services where mothers will be expected to seek professional counseling and guidance. Providing free and subsidized drugs to mothers to avoid extreme effects to unborn babies The Initiative has been conducted in different states over the past four decades. It was fast conducted in California for pregnant mothers with sickle cell anemia. The outcome was successful because the number of sickle cell cases in California reduced by half in a span of three years after the inception of the partnership. There are consistent program effects of the plans, which include improved prenatal health because drugs were overly effective, fewer infant infections arising from mother-child transmissions, Increased intervals between births due to effective family planning techniques imparted t low-income mothers and improved maternal health due to reduced sickle cell count after further tests were administered. Furthermore, the program offers school readiness for

Electronic Engineer Technician Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Electronic Engineer Technician - Essay Example Introduction Electronic and Electrical Engineering is a dynamic and exciting field where electronic and electrical engineering technicians have a vast space to explore this field, enriching with them a wide body of knowledge and experience (Facts On File Inc, 2009). Today, more students are enrolled in electrical and electronic engineering colleges to get higher degree or certificate. This shows that this study has increased importance and pays valuable contribution to US economy directly and indirectly. Basically, the technicians of electronic and electrical engineering helps other engineers to develop and design communications equipment, computer, navigational equipment, medical monitoring machines, and other electronic and electrical. Besides this, they also work in evaluation of product and its testing, using diagnostic and measuring devices or machines to test, adjust, and repair equipments (Garner, 2002). Moreover, electronic and electrical engineering technician works electric al engineers. The nature of work environment consists of mostly manufacturing settings, development and research laboratories, organizations and utilities. Education and training In order to be and electronic and electrical engineering technician, an associate degree, post secondary certificate or a bachelor’s degree is required to be completed. ... Therefore, they can be hired for different jobs. For example they can be Chief R&D Engineering Technologist, Chief Controls Engineer, Senior Project Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Broadcast Maintenance Technician, Electrical Maintenance Apprentice, Educational and Professional Trainer etc (Facts On File Inc, 2004). Each job position consist or many duties and responsibilities performed by electronic and engineering technicians which gives them a mean of learning experience which nurture’s their professional career (Facts On File Inc, 2009). Salaries and benefits Electronic and electrical engineering technicians are offered good salaries and other benefits (Peterson's, 2009). In the past few years, as the job demand of engineers has increased, this has also increased their wages and other benefits. Depending upon the nature of job, some electronic and electrical engineering technicians are paid in wages which ranges between $20 and $40 per hour (Garner, 2002). If median wages a re compared, table 1 show that in 2010 median hourly wage was $26.94 which has increased to $27.36 in 2011. Thus overall increase in wages during 2010-2011 is by 2% (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011). Table 1: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Median wages    hourly annual 2011 $ 27.36 $ 56,900.00 2010 $ 26.94 $ 56,040.00 Career advancement and future employment Electrical and electronic engineering technicians have wide scope of career advancement. They move to more senior and executive positions as they advance in their career (Peterson's, 2009). Although, the economy has slowed down due to recession faced by US economy, but the projected employment graph (1) shows that electrical and electronic engineering technicians has future employment opportunities. Graph 1 (Bureau of Labor Statistics,

Grate Expectations Essay Example for Free

Grate Expectations Essay Dickens creates an atmosphere setting in order to engage the interest of the reader at the beginning of the novel. Dickens used to serialise his novels. The story opens in an impressive way when he introduces us to pip in the graveyard because most of his familys bodies are burred there. This makes the reader feel scared, frightened and we start to emphasise with pip at the beginning of the novel because we now feel sorry for him because his parents are dead. Owing to this parents death he lives with his older sister Ms Joe Gargery and his brother in law Joe Gargery the blacksmith, pip sister is really mean to pip and his brother in law treats pip like his younger son. In the 19th century, infant mortality rates were higher. The infant mortality rate is the number of children per year out of every thousand alive that die before they reach the age of one or more specifically, under the age of five. This made us aware at the beginning of chapter 1 when Pip described the graves of his brothers. This might surprise the modern reader but Dickens did not comment on it because such death of very young children in his day was very common. The tension is increased in the novel as there is an escaped convict who will soon meet Pip, which is emphasised by the emotions on Pips face, held tighter to the tombstone on which he had put me; party, to keep myself upon it; partly, to keep my self from crying this shows Pips emotion. When we continued to read, we will get to know that Pip went to the graveyard because of his parents and five brothers. Also before the conversation between the convict and Pip, Dickens continued to describe the scenery negatively, talking of the low leaden line to describe the river. This brings feelings heaviness and being trapped. The wind was rushing finishes a third paragraph, with yet another idea of bleak weather, making Pip hear things and scaring him. This makes the reader more frightened for Pip and also the way he described the weather makes the reader know that it wasnt close to the end of the day and also danger was lurking about. Pip continues to describe the two black things that seemed to be standing upright and he talks about a gibbet where they hang people. The above-mentioned talk of graveyards plus the gibbet makes the audience know everything seem very sad and also both are associated with death. The audience gets further engaged because again we start to feel sympathy for the boy who seems so helpless and needy. On the other hand, the novel Great Expectations is actually being told by Pip himself, both as a child, and as an adult looking back at when he was younger. This is very effective and successful language by Dickens, as it gives us an adult opinion and perspective of a childs life. At this point, the audience will know that the narrator dickens is a mature on, because he talks about his childish conclusions of his family by looking at the inscription on their gravestones and how his young tongue could only make out the name Pip from his full name. From the inscription, I drew a childish conclusion that my mother was dotted and ill. Also in the story, Pip described himself in third person like he was looking back on a distant memory. The readers too start to reminisce about their past and if they are older they can identify with the language used by the older Pip. How Charles Dickens describes the bundle of shivers made Pip seem very small, vulnerable and easily exposed to attack. The convict made a very dramatic entrance into the story. This is because we hear the man before we see him. Also his entrance was much as a shock to the reader as to Pip. This creates tension because it shows that the convict has discovered that Pip is hiding in the graveyard very near him. The man started talking to Pip with an angry voice by saying, keep still you little devil or I will cut your throat, dialect of Magwitch. The way and manner the man talked to Pip frightened him. The conversation between Pip and the convict was very short and choppy. The man introduces a lot of commands into his conversation. One typical example of his command in their conversation was when he said, Keep quiet. This shows the audience that something was going to happen to Pip. Also, the reader now begins to form ideas about the convict. We now see him as heartless, a no good person and extremely evil to speak to a child in the manner. In the novel, the convict turned Pip upside down and gnawed bread from his pocket like a lion on its prey. When the convict turned Pip upside down, the young Pip saw the world in a new way. Here Dickens uses humour to engage the reader. The situation is humours because of the revelation of how children can respond differently to adults in a negative situation. Also, when the convict wanted to eat Pips cheeks, the older Pip looked back and admits impartially that; he did have fat cheeks as a child. This also shows the audience Pip was a humorous person who uses things he can identify with to make comparison. This also tells us that the convict was extremely fat and huge or just hungry. Dickens gives the audience a very detailed and precise description of what the man looks like, he looks scruffy to pip but dickens doesnt describe him as scruffy, he was having dishevelled broken shoes, he was with no hat, he was having a rag tied around his head, he was soaked in water, covered in mud and he was with a manacle on one leg. A manacle is an old English word for handcuff or a long big metal chain. The manacle on one of his legs will also let the audience know that he was a prisoner. Also the fact that he was with no hat shows the audience that he has no respect according to the 19th century manners.

Descartes philosophy Essay -- essays research papers

Descartes’ â€Å"evil genius scenario† provides the possibility for the existence of an evil genius that is in control of our world in place on an omnipotent god. By in control, I mean that he would in some magical way compose our lives by his own will, thus making any certain knowledge about material objects impossible. This scenario presents some real questions with Descartes’ argument because it basically completely rules out the possibility of any god.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We are imagining that Dr. Spiritus has invaded a small rural hospital and has stolen the brains of several babies. He places the brains in a large vat, provides them with the essential nutrients as well as hooking them up to electrodes that feed the false images into their minds. These impulses that the doctor would distribute at his own will would make the babies brains think that they are actually in their bodies living their lives as normal people. The doctor would provide all the necessary experiences such as childhood, school, first love and etc. However since Dr. Spiritus is an evil genius, he feels it necessary to feed these minds the stimuli of pain, suffering, and disaster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first question that arises is if it is possible to determine if one is not among Dr. Spiritus’ victims. According to Descartes, the answer is yes. Descartes states that God is an infinite, omnipotent, omniscient substance. He also says that humans are not capable of causing this thoug...

Managed Care SLP

As the second assignment towards completing the Session Long Project, please answer the following in your own words: 1. What is accreditation? 2. Why is it important? 3. What organizations accredit managed care organizations in the U.S.? 4. What is involved in the accreditation process? (In other words, what do they look at? Do they make site visits? 5. What is the accreditation status of your health care provider organization (hospital, clinic, treatment facility, etc†¦)? If you are not covered under a managed care plan, identify any managed care plan and explain its accreditation status. Limit your responses to 1-2 pages. Be sure to properly cite all references. The following Web sites will help you complete this assignment: Glossary of managed care terms What is accreditation? National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) What is NCQA & Why is accreditation important? Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (managed care accreditation information). http://www.jointcommission.org/AboutUs/joint_commission_facts.htm http://www.jointcommission.org/HTBAC/benefits_accreditation.htm JCAHO Quality Check to look up accreditation status of facilities www.qualitycheck.org/consumer/searchQCR.aspx URAC http://www.urac.org/consumer_how.asp Frequently Asked Questions about Accreditation http://web.ncqa.org/tabid/65/Default.aspx http://www.jointcommission.org/AccreditationPrograms/Networks/mco_facts.htm http://www.urac.org/healthcare/accreditation/ Other resources to help with the assignment: http://www.ncqa.org/communications/news/clas.htm What is accreditation? Accreditation is a procedure in which a neutral organization reviews the standards of care provided by the company.   This process would make sure that the business performed by the company is done as per the standards laid down. Why is it important? The public is ensured that the standards of quality is maintained whilst providing medical care There is some amount of healthy competition in the market There is a reductions in risks Patient safety levels are improved Negligence is reduced Good practices are encouraged The process of reviewing the operational activities of the company is performed Staff recruitment and development may be encouraged The company may be brought into Medicare certification without undergoing a different review process Insurers and third parties would automatically recognize the company is accreditation is present Some states require that a company achieve accreditation so that it could meet the regulatory body’s requirements Structure and functions in the organization is maintained What organizations accredit managed care organizations in the U.S.? Accreditation of managed care organizations in the US is brought about by certain accreditation organizations such as the URAC, Joint Commission and the NCQA.   However, an accreditation organization would be accrediting different types of healthcare organizations.   The organization may be accrediting all the services of the company or a particular service.   Once the company meets certain standards imposed by the accreditations organization, it would receive certification. What is involved in the accreditation process? (In other words, what do they look at? Do they make site visits? Before an organization applies for accreditation, it would have to conduct a thorough self-check by ensuring it meets with the standards provided by the accreditation organization. At least some changes would be required.   The entire process of accreditation should be taking about 4 to 6 months.   An application for accreditation is submitted by the healthcare organization.   The reviewers at the accreditation organization conduct a thorough review of the details in the application. This may be an examination of the certificates or an onsite review.   Changes may be required to meet the standards.   Depending on the ability of the company to meet these standards, accreditation is provided. What is the accreditation status of your health care provider organization (hospital, clinic, treatment facility, etc.)? If you are not covered under a managed care plan, identify any managed care plan and explain its accreditation status. The company that I work in is accredited by some of the top accreditation organizations in the US.   I do subscribe to a managed care plan, which has been accredited by the Joint Commission.   The Joint Commission looks into several standards provided by the HMO including performance, health promotion, disease prevention, utilization, management of information, education process, HR management, etc.   The Joint Commission interviews the administrative procedures concerned with the plan and the various HR.   The documents are constantly reviewed and the ability to meet with the standards is determined. References: NCQA. â€Å"About NCQA.† 2007. NCQA. 21 Jul. 2007 http://web.ncqa.org/tabid/65/Default.aspx The Joint Commission. â€Å"Benefits of Joint Commission Accreditation.† 2007. Joint Commission. 21 Jul. 2007 http://www.jointcommission.org/HTBAC/benefits_accreditation.htm The Joint Commission. â€Å"Facts about The Joint Commission.† 2007. Joint Commission. 21 Jul. 2007 http://www.jointcommission.org/AboutUs/joint_commission_facts.htm The Joint Commission. â€Å"Facts about Managed Care Organization Accreditation.† 2007. Joint Commission. 21 Jul. 2007 URAC. â€Å"General Questions About URAC Accreditation.† 2007. URAC. 21 Jul. 2007 http://www.urac.org/healthcare/accreditation/

Adults with Learning Disabilities Essay

The discourse of ‘learning disabilities’ is now being used to challenge a wide range of acts and practices, including violence and intimidation, non-consenting sexual acts, the bullying of less resilient people by more able service users, unacceptably deprived physical or social environments and financial exploitation or fraud. Some argue that it should include all abuses of human rights. Clearly, these issues are not new as the following essay illustrates, and historically some of these practices have been hidden within service cultures while others have been quite open but variously rationalized as ‘behavior modification’, ‘relationships’, ‘control and restraint’, or ‘not giving in to attention seeking’. Abuse was regarded as a central, and inevitable, feature of institutionalized provision in influential models such as that of Goffman (1961) and Wolfensberger (1975 and 1980) within an analysis whose focus was on organizations and ideology. The new discourse is much more personalized and within it the focus is on the experience of the victim. This has some advantages for individuals and highlights some dilemmas for service organizations. It makes clear that people with learning disabilities are harmed, as any individual would be, by personal or sexual violence or exploitation. Harm is deemed equivalent whoever has caused it, for example whether it has been perpetrated by another service user, a member of staff or a stranger. This way of framing harmful acts highlights conflicts of interest between service users: the discourse of ‘challenging behavior’ for example, designed to neutralize the stigma of difficult behavior, inadvertently deflects from and discounts the experience of those on the receiving end of difficult behavior. Naming these acts as abusive confronts service agencies with the need for specialized, safe (expensive) placements for those who present a risk to others. Men with learning disabilities who have difficult sexual behaviors, for example, are often placed alongside very vulnerable people, their needs for asylum taking precedence over the safety of more vulnerable people (Thompson and Brown 1998). But while this acknowledgement is a step forward for individuals ,the new discourse risks personalizing forms of mistreatment that arise out of societal and structural inequalities. At an individual level, when issues of power are overlooked or neutralized, abusive and exploitative interactions can be explained away as relationships of choice. At a service level, new fault-lines between agencies and between purchasers, providers and regulators set up contingencies that make abuse more likely and less visible. At a societal level, there is growing inequality between the pay and working conditions of managerial, professional and so-called ‘unqualified’ staff within and across the statutory, private (for-profit) and voluntary (not-for-profit) sectors. Gender and race exacerbate the unequal position of direct care staff and the disproportionate responsibility that falls on them. This paper divides into two parts. First, I shall review the current usage of the term ‘learning disabilities’, looking at how it is being defined and categorized. Second, I will outline what is emerging as good practice in this field. WHAT DOES A LEARNING DISABILITY LOOK LIKE? Let me explain this with an exaomple: Sara’s lifelong difficulty with reading and writing had nothing to do with not being â€Å"smart. † Most individuals who have a learning disability are of average to above average intelligence and therefore have the intellectual potential to succeed at school and in careers. But they often do not reach this potential. While effort and motivation are important for success, it is clearly unfair to say of someone with a learning disability that he or she â€Å"just needs to try harder. † No matter how hard Sara worked, her problems did not go away. We know that a learning disability is caused by specific dysfunction within the central nervous system. The central nervous system, made up of the brain and the spinal cord, controls everything we do: our ability to process and think about language and to express ourselves verbally, as well as our ability to process nonverbal information, including art or music. Sara’s symptoms included reversing or rotating numbers (6 for 9), letters (b for d;p for q), and words (was for saw; on for no) when writing; omitting letters and sounds; and making sound and word substitutions when reading (tril for trial;then for there). Such problems make it difficult to decode words, and these decoding errors are most evident when reading aloud. Though never diagnosed, Sara’s symptoms became evident in first grade, when formal reading instruction began. As we learn to read we must of course master the alphabet, which is like a code, and learn the relationship between letters and sounds. Reading is a process of decoding the clusters of letters, converting them into words, and then attaching meaning to the words. In many cases, problems with phonological processing the ability to receive, transform, remember, and retrieve the sounds of oral language interfere with the acquisition of reading skills. Phonological processing involves the ability to separate a word into its component parts or blend sounds to construct a word. Problems with these skills make it very hard for the beginning reader to achieve fluency. Comprehension of written material depends on accurate and fluent decoding, a good vocabulary, and comprehension of the grammatical structure of sentences. When these skills are not developed that is, when they are slow and labored — the reader must devote more energy and effort to identifying and comprehending each individual word, rather than constructing meaning from an entire paragraph or from general context. For many years, researchers believed that the reader automatically moved from reading the words on a page to comprehending, without participating in the process of constructing meaning. But recent research points to the fact that the reader plays an active role: using background knowledge about the subject, calling on appropriate strategies for both decoding and comprehension, and applying the right amount of attention and concentration. Reading strategies are now considered essential components of the reading process. These might include paraphrasing while reading or summarizing afterward to help with comprehension. Competent readers are able to evaluate the reading task and select strategies that are a â€Å"good fit† or match to the task. In Sara’s case, she read slowly and had to reread material several times, so she found it difficult to comprehend content or recall important facts when questioned about them later. Unlike good readers, she did not rely on strategies that could help her. She also struggled with writing. Many times she was ashamed to submit patient reports because she knew they were filled with spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors and were not organized or structured well. Her reports never reflected her knowledge or keen insight into patient care. Writing problems can be seen at any age, although they become more evident as academic or work demands increase. While Sara knew what she wanted to say, she had trouble getting started, focusing on the essential facts, and editing effectively. She tended to use the same words over and over. This was so different from her spoken language, which was rich and varied. Not surprisingly, it took her a long time and a good deal of effort to complete her reports. Her mathematical skills, though, were more than adequate. But there are people with learning disabilities who have problems understanding mathematical concepts or difficulty solving verbal or written mathematical problems. These problems may stem from more than one source, including inadequate spatial or directional sense and difficulty understanding abstract symbols or the language of mathematics. To use a basic example, someone who does not have a good understanding of concepts such as â€Å"plus† and â€Å"minus† is going to find it hard to identify the process needed to solve a mathematical problem. Learning strategies will be of great help to this person. Sara was also troubled by her erratic performance at work. Some days, she would be fine. But when she was fatigued or stressed, she found her attention was poor and she made more than the usual number of errors. At these times, she did not feel in control and usually needed to take a break and call on the support of friends to help her get back on track. While Sara felt her social life to be strength, some individuals who have learning disabilities have difficulty in social situations because they cannot perceive others’ needs and make or keep friends. Relationships with family and friends and associates on the job may suffer. As a way of compensating, an individual may avoid social situations altogether and thus become isolated. Others may struggle with low self-esteem and a lack of assertiveness, which can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies of failure. Moreover, repeated negative experiences in school and at home can discourage an individual from even trying. Many individuals who have learning disabilities have difficulty planning ahead and then evaluating their performance in academic courses or work-related tasks. Planning involves the ability to determine the outlines of a task and the skills it will require. Planning helps us generate strategies or know when to ask for outside help. We are not always conscious of initiating this type of planning because so many tasks are performed automatically, such as remembering a frequently called phone number by using a mnemonic, or writing notes in a book or on a memo. But when tasks are new or complex, active planning is needed. Other learning problems may stem from an inability to manage one’s time effectively to get something done on schedule. For example, many college students do not leave sufficient time to research and write a term paper, and end up frantically completing it the night before it is due. Or a manager may delay writing a budget or marketing report, finding it hard to begin. In order to use strategies at school, at home, or on the job, we need to be aware of ourselves as learners. Researchers have suggested that each of us has our own built-in executive function that directs and controls our actions. If this â€Å"executive† is efficient and aware of individual skills and the strategies needed to accomplish a task, the appropriate plan of action can be put into effect. If the plan is unsuccessful, then the executive reevaluates and initiates a new course of action. Individuals who have learning disabilities have a less efficient executive, the theory goes, and are therefore less able to generate and use effective strategies in their personal and professional lives. In addition to learning disabilities, a large number of adults suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD affects an individual’s ability to focus and concentrate on school or work tasks, and to make good use of strategies. The struggle to achieve is so much harder with the added burden of ADHD. Although external factors do not cause a learning disability, we know that they do play a significant role in learning. It is well documented that the environment we live and work in influences and helps to shape our learning patterns, behavior, and sense of self. Research has consistently shown that the type and quality of support provided both at school and within the home are strong determinants of success in school, at work, or in one’s personal life. For example, a supportive family, early identification of learning problems, and appropriate intervention may make all the difference in helping an individual compensate for the disability. Learning disabilities are found throughout the world and in all socioeconomic groups — they are not bound by culture or language. Approximately the same numbers of males as females have learning disabilities, and the problem tends to run in families. Many prominent figures in politics, science, and the arts are reported to have had a learning disability, among them Nelson Rockefeller, Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, and Auguste Rodin. Einstein, for example, was described as having difficulty learning a foreign language and mathematics — of all things! He also struggled with other academic subjects and with writing. All adults face the challenges and rewards of employment, home and family, leisure pursuits, community involvement, emotional and physical health, and personal responsibility and relationships. Adults who have learning disabilities must manage these life demands with an added set of problems. Society expects adults to be self-supporting, to function within a community, and to exhibit appropriate social behavior. Typically, to be self-supporting one must be employed. Employment for most adults spans a long period of time. It may begin with the exit from high school and continue for fifty or more years. While research on the employment of adults who have learning disabilities is sparse, and the findings that are available reflect the heterogeneity of the population, the information reported is unfortunately discouraging. It suggests that individuals with learning disabilities, as a group, show higher rates of unemployment, have jobs of lower status, receive lower pay, and change jobs more frequently than those without learning disabilities. Of course, there are many individuals at all levels of the workforce who do attain professional success. Further, there are well-documented accounts of persons with learning disabilities throughout history who have made significant contributions to society, among the most notable being Einstein, Edison, Churchill, and Rockefeller. It is important to keep in mind that adults who have learning disabilities who have above average intelligence, come from middle to higher economic backgrounds, and/or have completed postsecondary education, have higher rates of employment, higher job status, and greater job satisfaction than this research indicates. Those who graduate from college are much more likely to hold professional or managerial positions, for example, than those who have only a high school diploma. What makes success on the job so difficult for some people with learning disabilities? For one thing, persistent problems with reading, writing, and arithmetic can interfere with their work. Many report that they continue to struggle with decoding skills, sight vocabulary, and reading rate. Banking tasks and money management often bring out their troubles with arithmetic. Spelling is frequently reported to be the biggest problem of all. The level of basic skills that is required in the current job market is expanding to include more abstract abilities. Employers want their workers not only to be proficient in basic skills but also to be able to use these skills effectively and efficiently to solve on-the-job problems. Employers want the people they hire to be able to read for information, to analyze and synthesize the material, and apply the material read to on-the-job situations. They further expect employees to analyze problems, formulate solutions, and communicate that process, in writing, to others. Workplace mathematics, like reading and writing, also requires identification of the problem, analysis, and then the ability to find a solution. Employers further expect good interpersonal skills. The ability to use technology and information systems is becoming more essential as well. To do all of these things efficiently and effectively, workers must have mastered basic skills and be able to apply thinking skills. They also need personal qualities such as individual responsibility, self-esteem, and self management. The nature of a learning disability may affect the development of some of these competencies. For example, because of years of struggle and failure, self-esteem may be low and self-monitoring skills may not be functioning effectively. Employers often do not understand what a learning disability is, thus making it even more difficult for the adults with learning disabilities whom they supervise. Because employers cannot â€Å"see† the disability and may have limited knowledge about learning disabilities, they may find it difficult to understand that the problems are real. Therefore, they may fail to provide the necessary accommodations and supportive environment. They may often fail to recognize that, with assistance, workers who have learning disabilities may be tremendous assets to the company. A learning disability is a lifelong condition. Some adults, by the time they have completed their formal education, have learned to compensate for their difficulties. For many others, difficulties continue and to varying degrees impact on careers, social relationships, and activities of daily living. There are adults who were diagnosed as children and received services under the guidelines of PL 94-142. But more and more adults, who never knew why school was so hard, are now addressing the problem by initiating an assessment and seeking services to help them cope with their disabilities. Adults who have learning disabilities are a heterogeneous group. Some struggle with reading and writing, some with mathematical tasks, some with the basic challenges of daily life. There are adults who have learning disabilities who have trouble finding and keeping a job; others are professionally successful yet cannot seem to develop a satisfying social life. And there are those who seem to have few problems as they successfully negotiate the range of life’s demands. Adults who have learning disabilities are not merely children with learning disabilities grown up. The impact of having a learning disability differs at each stage of development. And adulthood itself has many stages, each with its unique challenges. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction at one stage does not guarantee the same degree of adjustment at another. At one point, the adult might deal with self-identity, at another with employment and economic independence, and still another with personal responsibility and relationships. As a group, adults who have learning disabilities represent a broad spectrum of the population. We see individuals of different ages, from different socioeconomic, ethnic, and cultural groups. We see different clusters of social and learning problems that affect education, social, personal, and occupational adjustments. The field now recognizes the unique needs of the adult who has learning disabilities, and as such has responded by providing legal protection, programs, services, and an ever-developing information base. Where do we stand today? References: Erikson, E. H. 1968. Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton. Hallahan, D. P. , Lloyd, J. W. , Kauffman, J. M. , Weiss, M. P. , & Martinez, E. A. (2005). Learning disabilities: Foundations, characteristics, and effective teaching (3rd ed. ). Toronto: Pearson Education, Inc. Johnson, D. J. , & Blalock, J. W. (1987). Adults with learning disabilities: Clinical studies. Orlando: Grune & Stratton. Jordan, D. R. (1996). Teaching adults with learning disabilities. The professional practices in adult education and human resource development series. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Shapiro, J. , & Rich, R. (1999). Facing learning disabilities in the adult years. New York: Oxford University Press. Wong, B. Y. L. (1998). Learning about learning disabilities. San Diego: Academic Press.

Free Essays on History And Culture Of The Bahamas

History and Culture of the Bahamas The Bahamas are a self-governing country that has been inhabited as early as 300 to 400 A.D. (The History of The Bahamas). The Bahamas history and culture have been influenced by many different beliefs, experiences, and lifestyles. This makes for an interesting cluster of people, customs, and traditions. The ethnic composition of the Bahamas is eighty-five percent Black African, twelve percent Caucasian, and three percent Asian and Hispanic (Travel Document Systems). The Black African descendents were captured and forced into slavery on the cotton plantations in the Bahamas. Before there were any settlers in the Bahamas is was inhabited by a group of Indians known as the Lucayans. They were a friendly people but Columbus took advantage of their good nature and within twenty-five years of Columbus’s arrival they were totally eradicated (The History of the Bahamas). The Bahamas is an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It holds as a parliamentary democracy with regular elections. The political and legal traditions are closely affiliated with that of the United kingdoms. The government operates 158 out of 210 schools, the other 52 are privately owned. The enrollment for state and private, primary and secondary schools is more than 64,000. The only college is the College of The Bahamas established in Nassau in 1974 and is presently converting form a two year to a four year institution (Travel Document Systems). The entire economic portion of the Bahamas relies heavily on tourism which provides means of employment and also around sixty percent of the Gross Domestic Product (Travel Document Systems). Finally, the religious culture of the Bahamas is much different than any other place due to its’ many influences. Religion is an Integral part of Bahamian life; even the smallest villages have a church possibly two. The Bahamas have a strong puritan heritage brought over by th... Free Essays on History And Culture Of The Bahamas Free Essays on History And Culture Of The Bahamas History and Culture of the Bahamas The Bahamas are a self-governing country that has been inhabited as early as 300 to 400 A.D. (The History of The Bahamas). The Bahamas history and culture have been influenced by many different beliefs, experiences, and lifestyles. This makes for an interesting cluster of people, customs, and traditions. The ethnic composition of the Bahamas is eighty-five percent Black African, twelve percent Caucasian, and three percent Asian and Hispanic (Travel Document Systems). The Black African descendents were captured and forced into slavery on the cotton plantations in the Bahamas. Before there were any settlers in the Bahamas is was inhabited by a group of Indians known as the Lucayans. They were a friendly people but Columbus took advantage of their good nature and within twenty-five years of Columbus’s arrival they were totally eradicated (The History of the Bahamas). The Bahamas is an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It holds as a parliamentary democracy with regular elections. The political and legal traditions are closely affiliated with that of the United kingdoms. The government operates 158 out of 210 schools, the other 52 are privately owned. The enrollment for state and private, primary and secondary schools is more than 64,000. The only college is the College of The Bahamas established in Nassau in 1974 and is presently converting form a two year to a four year institution (Travel Document Systems). The entire economic portion of the Bahamas relies heavily on tourism which provides means of employment and also around sixty percent of the Gross Domestic Product (Travel Document Systems). Finally, the religious culture of the Bahamas is much different than any other place due to its’ many influences. Religion is an Integral part of Bahamian life; even the smallest villages have a church possibly two. The Bahamas have a strong puritan heritage brought over by th...

To what extent can the tragedy of Eva Smith be blamed on the society in which she lived Essay Example

To what extent can the tragedy of Eva Smith be blamed on the society in which she lived Essay Example To what extent can the tragedy of Eva Smith be blamed on the society in which she lived Essay To what extent can the tragedy of Eva Smith be blamed on the society in which she lived Essay Essay Topic: Literature In this essay I will explain who I feel is most responsible for Eva Smiths death, by examining each characters contribution to the tragedy. I will also illustrate to what extent her death can be blamed on the society she lived in. In 1912 the society in which Eva Smith lived was very strict with a class system that split England up into wealthy and poor people with no classes dividing them. The sailing of the titanic was one of the feature points for that year. The navy was unchallenged and there were no help from the state to support the poor, no DHSS or NHS and the average life expectancy was around 46. There were advances in technology mass media being one, the developing of motorcars was introduced but only available for those who were rich enough to afford one. Trade unions had also started to gain power in the society, there were strikes from coal miners about work costs and conditions and the campaign for womens rights had begun. I will demonstrate what I think Mr Arthur Birling had to do with the death. He is a pompous, self-serving business man who seems to have a high opinion of himself. Mr Birling states for lower costs and higher prices. From this quote you can tell that all he is interested in is his business, money and himself and couldnt care less about anyone or anything. He also says I gather that there is a very good chance of knight hood this also tells us he is snobby and vain, and thinks his stature and class make him the best and his knighthood is what he really cares about. When the Inspector starts to ask him questions about Eva Smith he seems to remember her quite well and gives the Inspector a lot of information about her, he even said himself that she was a good worker. And was told by the leading operator in his factory that she was ready for promotion. He told the Inspector that it all started to go wrong for her when she came back from holiday in August, he said that her attitude had changed quite dramatically and she seemed rather restless within herself. Then out of no-where Eva and a group of girls asked Mr Birling for a pay rise of twelve and a half shillings, so that they could average twenty-five shillings a week. He had refused their demand and told them that it was a free country and if they wanted to go and work somewhere else they could. He basically was telling them they were sacked and to go and find another job. The women then decided to go on strike but as Mr Birling told us that the strike didnt last for long maybe a week or two, as they were all broke. At this time there were no work benefits so the workers had no help and just did what they were told to do. There was a class system and because the workers were lower class they had to respect their superiors i. e. their bosses. That was the last Mr Birling had seen or heard of Eva smith. I feel that Mr Birling is mainly to blame, as he had started a chain of reactions from sacking Eva. Sheila Birling. She is a pretty young girl in her early twenties; she is also well educated and has a rather pleasant and excited outlook on life. You can tell this from the beginning of the book, where the family are having dinner, Sheilas language and behaviour shows us that she was brought up in a high class way, the words she uses also state this like I should jolly well think not and she refers to her parents as mummy and daddy. Just from these two quotes it shows you that she has be taught proper English, she uses this throughout out the book. This also relates to class, as your upbringing depended on what class you where from. At first Sheila acts innocent and concerned as she is unaware of whom they are talking about. She thinks her dad is responsible for the girls death as he had taken her job away from her. Shelia is obviously concerned as she starts to ask the Inspector questions like what was she like, quite young? And when the Inspector tells her how old she was she asks the Inspector more questions like was she pretty? The name Eva Smith pops up again but still Sheila doesnt realise who it is, Sheila asks the Inspector what happened to the girl, after her Father had sacked her. The Inspector tells her that she had gone to work in a shop called Milwards a shop that Sheila had been going to of late. They carry on talking about Evas time at Milwards and then Sheila starts to realise that she might have met and had something to do with this girls death, so she asks the Inspector what she looked like. The Inspector took out a photograph from his pocket and showed it to Sheila, she noticed the face of this girl from one day at Milwards. Sheila then told the Inspector and the others what had happened between them. After Sheila tells the Inspector this she feels totally to blame and gets upset and if I could help her now I would this shows us that Sheila is sorry even though she is too late. But when the Inspector starts to ask more questions she then realises that her Father and her werent the only ones who had something to do with this girl. But out of all the characters she is the only person to show emotion towards Eva so I think that Sheila is still partly to blame but only due to her actions in Milwards. Now I will write about Gerald Croft, he is an attractive, well-bred chap about thirty and is the man-about-town. He met Eva when she had changed her name to Daisy Renton in the Stalls bar at the Palace Variety Theatre he said that I went down to the bar for a drink this shows he had no intentions of meeting anyone, only to have a nice quite drink he also claimed that Daisy looked young, fresh and charming and he saw that Alderman Meggarty had wedged her into a corner with his obscene fat carcass this girl had given him a look as though it was a cry for help, he decide to go and tell Alderman Meggarty that the manager had a message for him and him and girl then left. The night didnt end there though because they went onto the County Hotel a quieter place to drink, Eva didnt get drunk as it says she only had a port and lemonade which also shows that he never got her drunk and had no thought of to either. Heres where they arranged to meet again. Gerald allowed Daisy to survive a little longer. He was very generous to Daisy, providing her with enough money to survive and also free accommodation. Although he did eventually desert her, Daisy was prepared for this as their classes were very different Gerald was a wealthy upper class man and she was a lower class working women, in that time people were expected to know their place in society, so people from different classes were not allowed to get involved with each other as they would have been frowned upon by people in power due to the class system, and it was not as big a blow as her dismissal thanks to Sheila or the consequences of her later relationship with Eric. I believe that his initial intentions were good and he did not set out to have Daisy as his mistress, only wishing to free her from old Joe Meggarty A notorious womaniser. Gerald explains that after he had rescued her, he deliberately met Daisy a second time I discovered, not that night but Throughout this explanation Sheila seems relatively calm, considering the situation. She often adds sarcastic remarks such as Well we didnt think he meant Buckingham Palace. As already stated, I do not consider Gerald played a major part in Evas death but still contributed to it. When questioned by the Inspector, Mrs Sybil Birling immediately proclaims her innocence, denying she had anything to do with Eva Smith or Daisy Renton. The Inspector seems to carry out his duties in a most unusual manner and although the rest of the family seem quite aware of this, Mrs Birling seems totally unaware of his methods. Initially she is relaxed with an easy tone but after continual interruptions by Sheila with phrases like Mother, stop! she becomes very agitated wanting to prove her innocence. At one point she tries to intimidate the Inspector, in a similar manner to that of her husband, by commenting on the fact that they are upper class to get at the Inspector You know of course that my husband was Lord Mayor only two years ago this shows that she knows that she is going to have to explain what happened between her and Eva so she tries in every possible manner to o utwit the Inspector. Mrs Birling should have been less hasty in her judgement of Eva. Because she hadnt even met the girl and by giving her a second chance she could have saved the girls life. But Mrs Birling judged her on first impressions and I think that for a woman of her stature to do a thing like that is wrong. She should have know not to Judge a book by its cover but have at least talked to her before making a judgement on that note I think that this could have been the point that threw Eva over the edge and made her want to kill herself. Finally Eric, a man in his early twenties not a relaxed person half shy and half assertive. He is the person I believe to carry most of the blame; he could have been more honourable in many respects. (Like he could have ask her to marry him even though the class system wouldnt have allowed it, he shouldnt of stole money to give to her as this was the wrong way to give her some money, he shouldnt have got drunk and had a one night stand in the first place as this was frowned upon in the middle and upper classes. This was because the superiors thought that there shouldnt a mix in classes and they should be kept apart and to stay that way. When he comes in he knows that everybody knows about his relationship with Eva but still he asks who told his mother this and blames it on Sheila by saying you told her. Why you little sneak! This shows that he is trying to make out that what he had done with Eva had not come from his lips and so therefore wasnt one hundred percent true. I think that Eric is a sneaky person and the next quote shows this as his Father asks him where did you get fifty pounds from? This tells us that he had not told his Father about taking the money. He also thought that he could let Eva survive on the stolen money, but this soon changed when Eva found out and started to refuse it. When the Inspector questions him about the money he begins to try and cover his tracks as when the question you mean-you stole the money? gets asked he replies not really and tells the Inspector that he intended to pay it back This tells us that he has lied and is now trying to cover it up. Once everything about Erics and the others encounters with Eva had come out the Inspector decides to leave. Leaving them in a muddle blaming the girls death on each other. Although Eva was partly responsible for her own downfall, others were also to blame and to a certain extent, she was also a victim of circumstances in the society in which she lived. At the end of the day I cannot prove which character is most responsible for Eva Smiths death because they all have equally contributed to it. Arthur, Sheila, Gerald, Eric and Sybil are all as responsible as one another. Not at any point in Evas life did either of them take her feelings into consideration but continued to carry out their own lives, not caring for anyone except from themselves. In all Honesty I truly think that Mr Birling is the character to blame as if he never sacked Eva in the first place, then the chain of events that followed would have never happened and Eva would never have committed suicide. I feel that I have shown that everybody in the Birling household and Gerald Croft were partly to blame for Eva Smiths death. As well the society in which she lived plays a major part in her tragedy. I think that throughout the book the author is trying to put this idea across in his amazing portrayal of what could happen if we do not act as a community but as individuals. Her death was provoked by a chain of events that started with her getting sacked from two jobs then being deserted, used for sex, and then to be turned away from a helping charity. These events built up enough pressure to make her kill herself, as she did not have anything left to aim for, no job, money, turned away from help and no one to love. If Mr Birling hadnt of sacked her in the first place, then none of these other events would have happened.

Marketing Simulation Report for the Product PirateEye Term Paper

Marketing Simulation Report for the Product PirateEye - Term Paper Example The term paper "Marketing Simulation Report for the Product PirateEye" presents the outcome of a marketing simulation, which was undertaken as a brand manager for the introduction of the new product, PirateEye. When dealing with a monotonous competitor who has monopolized the market for such a long time, it is very difficult to penetrate the market and make any remarkable impressions. But this could be made possible in the midst of hard work and dedicated service. It is for this reason that as a brand manager, much time was taken to undertake a detailed marketing simulation to identify the rubrics of the present marine transport market and make necessary impact on the market. Presently, there are several services and product providers in the marine transport business. However, not much of these people deliver security systems to boat owners. There is actually only one competitor when it comes to the provision of pirate related security systems. This report, therefore, presents all po ssible options to the company to implement in order to ensure that the company achieves its goals for penetrating the current market. The report identifies the market target, the consumer behavior of the identified market, market segmentation, targeting, and positions, as well as the appropriate marketing mix to use in other to achieve the goals and objectives set for the company in the next six years. Recommendations are made throughout the report to on how competition with the existing competitor can be rigorous and result oriented.... There is actually only one competitor when it comes to the provision of pirate related security systems. This report therefore presents all possible options to the company to implement in order to ensure that the company achieves its goals for penetrating the current market. The report identifies the market target, the consumer behavior of the identified market, market segmentation, targeting and positions, as well as the appropriate marketing mix to use in other to achieve the goals and objectives set for the company in the next six years. Above all, recommendations are made through out the report to on how competition with the existing competitor can be rigorous and result oriented (Knill, and Tosun, 2008). Evaluation of the Targeted Market The target market referred to in this case are the customers with whom the company may want to do business (Jost, 2003). From this perspective, it can be said that boat owners on the coastal lands of the localized marine industry are the targete d market. This not withstanding, there is even a larger market for the company as the fortunes of globalization and break in corporate borders makes it possible to trade off products to boat owners all over the globe. The demographics of the targeted market are such that there can be two major groups of boat owners found. The first group is those who own larger boats whiles the second group is made up of those who own smaller boats. Currently, the business attention of those who own larger boats is on crude lifting while the business attention of those who own smaller boats is on human transport (quote). With any of these two however, there is a high level of security concern, especially when it comes to the issue of pirate activities. With